Lectia ungara: cum sa cumperi ieftin si cum sa vinzi scump pe o piata regionala de gazeThe Hungarian Lesson: Buying Low and Selling High on a Regional Gas Market

Gazele care intra din Ungaria in Romania sunt tarifate de catre compania maghiara de transport cu un tarif de 24 ori mai mare decat gazele care intra din Romania in Ungaria. Astfel, prin practicarea unui tarif de transport mai mic pentru gazele  „exportate” din Romania, se stimuleaza exportul de gaze ieftine catre Ungaria, care au ca rezultat prețuri mai mici al gazelor pe piata.

Ungaria este tara care a inteles ca liberalizarea pietei europene de gaze poate crea un avataj important pentru ea. Astfel, statul indeplineşte cele doua roluri, acela de actionar al companilor din sectorul gazelor naturale (dupa ce a achizitionat actiunile instrainate in anii 2000) care face profit şi acela de a asigura gaze cat mai ieftine la consumatorii de gaze din Ungaria.

In acest sens statul a stimulat extinderea companiilor energetice in mai multe țari din Europa, cu scopul de a face profit in aceste tari, permitandu-şi astfel sa poata oferi gaze cat mai avantajoase pe piata interna.

Acelaşi stat a dus o politica de tarifare care incearca:
– sa stimuleze intrarea gazelor ieftine in Ungaria;
– sa incarce cat mai putin factura consumatorului prin aplicarea unor tarife mici pentru gazele intrate in tara;
– sa aplice tarife mari pentru gazele ieşite din tara, permitand astfel sa obtina profitul propus (dar de la altii).

Așa cum se poate observa și din tabelul alaturat, tarifele de transport practicate de compania maghiara incarca foarte puțin facturile consumatorilor din țara proprie, profitul companiei obținandu se din banii platiți de consumatorii din țarile vecine.

In comparatie cu Ungaria, in Romania metodologia de tarifare stabilește același tarif pentru gazele care intra sau care ies din sistemul romanesc de transport inspre sau dinspre Ungaria. Mai mult pana la 1 februarie 2014 tariful perceput in Romania pentru gazele ieșite (backhaul) din Romania spre Ungaria, pentru 1 MWh, era de 8 ori mai mic decat tariful perceput gazelor care intrau in Romania. (Acest text a fost publicat pe www.dumitruchisalita.ro)
The gas inflow Romania from Hungary has a tariff set by the Hungarian transmission company 24 times higher than the gas outflow from Romania to Hungary. Thus, by applying lower transmission tariffs for gas „exported” from Romania, the export of cheap gas to Hungary is stimulated, and the resulting market price of gas is lower.

Hungary has understood that the liberalization of the European gas market can create significant advantages. Therefore, the state plays a double role: profit-making shareholder of the natural gas companies (after buying back the shares sold in the 2000s), and supplier of the cheapest possible gas for Hungarian consumers.

That’s why the Hungarian state has stimulated the expansion of energy companies in several European countries, to reap profits there, allowing it to make the best gas offers on its internal market.

The same state had a tariffs policy aiming at:
– stimulating the inflow of cheap gas to Hungary;
– alleviating the end user bills by applying small tariffs for the gas inflows into the country;
– applying high tariffs for the gas outflows from the country, allowing it to obtain the target profits (from foreigners).

As you can see in the table above, the transmission tariffs applied by the Hungarian company add very little to the bills of Hungarian consumers, while the company’s profit comes from the consumers in the neighboring countries. (the orange lines show the tariffs for transmission from Hungary to the respective countries, while the white lines show the tariffs for the opposite flow, from those countries to Hungary)

(the second table shows the same pair of tariffs applied by the Romanian transmission company, Transgaz: Hungary to Romania on the orange lines, Romania to Hungary on the white lines, before February 1, 2014 in the top half, and after this date in the bottom half). Unlike Hungary, Romania has a tariff methodology that sets the same tariff for the outflows and inflows of gas from / to Hungary. Moreover, before February 1, 2014, the tariff applied in Romania for the gas outflow (backhaul) to Hungary, per MWh, was 8 times smaller than for the inflow to Romania. (This text has been published on www.dumitruchisalita.ro)